Obstetrics-
Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. As a medical specialty, obstetrics is combined with gynecologic under the discipline known as obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), which is a surgical field.
Antenatal care-
Antenatal care can help women prepare for delivery and understand warning signs during pregnancy and childbirth.
Once your pregnancy is confirmed, it’s important to see your GP or a midwife as soon as possible so you can schedule the appointments you will need. Appointments during your pregnancy are called your antenatal appointments or antenatal care.
Antenatal Exercise–
Exercise can benefit a woman’s mental and physical health during pregnancy, and it may give the newborn a healthier start, too. Despite this, studies suggest that only about 40% of pregnant women exercise. You can do most types of exercise in pregnancy, including running, Pilates, weights, yoga and swimming.
Normal Labour Delivery-
Normal Labor usually starts within 2 weeks of (before or after) the estimated date of delivery.
There are three stages of labor, and you have to go through all three stages to get to the final outcome, aka the baby. The length and duration of these three stages may vary slightly for each woman.
The first stage of labor is when you are actively having contractions and officially diagnosed as being in labor. This can last a few hours or from to 8-14 hours.
The second stage of labor occurs when the cervix is maximally dilated (10 centimeters).
The third stage of labor begins after the baby is delivered until the placenta comes out. This stage can last up to 30 minutes.
High Risk Pregnancy-
In a high-risk (at-risk) pregnancy, the mother, fetus, or neonate is at increased risk of morbidity or mortality before, during, or after delivery.
In the case of high risk pregnancy women require close monitoring and sometimes recommendation to a perinatal center, most likely if the women have complex high-risk conditions.
Risk Factors For High-risk Pregnancy includes:
Maternal Age
Medical History
Pregnancy Complications
Painless Labour–
Painless delivery can be achieved by using a form of regional anesthesia which help to relief pain during labour period. This is a good option for Womens with a lower pain bearing capacity can be given Epidural Anaesthesia on the lower back, who would otherwise opt for a C-section the drug normally take around 15 to 30 minute to take effect.
Postpartum Services-
The postpartum period is the period of first six weeks after the birth of child. This is the happiest time for mother and also in this period mother need rest to for healing.During these weeks, you’ll bond with your baby and you’ll have a post-delivery checkup with your doctor.
In this period you can do the following acitvities to give yourself rest.
Take rest when your baby asleep.
Limit the number of visitors at home.
Take help from your family and friends,.
Attend a parenting class or a reunion of your childbirth class
Start doing light physical activity, such as walking or swimming, on a regular basis best time in morning.
Complex Obstetrics-
The number of pregnant women who have complex pregnancy and require challenging surgeries is increasing. Identifying those patients can reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality.
It is classified as placenta accrete, placenta increta, or placenta percreta depending on the depth and severity of the placental attachment into the uterine wall.
Placenta accreta occurs when all or part of the placenta attaches abnormally to the myometrium (the muscular layer of the uterine wall).
Three grades of abnormal placental attachment are measured according to the depth of attachment and invasion into the muscular layers of the uterus:
Accreta – chorionic villi attach to the myometrium, when it should being restricted within the decidua basalis.
Increta – chorionic villi spread into the myometrium.
Percreta – chorionic villi spread through the perimetrium (uterine serosa).
Screening Test-
At the time of pregnancy prenatal tests give you information about your health and your baby’s. It helps to identify any problem related to birth defects or any genetic diseases. This is useful for the mother to take proper decision and planning according to the result before or after the baby is born.
Glucose screening is done to check high blood sugar levels, which is main cause for gestational diabetes,a form of diabetes that can develop during pregnancy.
Group B streptococcus (GBS) screening, which is done to examine a kind of bacteria that can cause a bad infection to baby (such as meningitis or a blood infection).
HIV (or human immunodeficiency virus) testing HIV in pregnancy is the presence of HIV in a woman while she is pregnant. HIV in pregnancy is cause of concern because womens who have HIV/AIDS in time of pregancy have a risk of transmit the infection to their child during pregnancy, childbirth and while breastfeeding. However, the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV may be reduced by treatment of the HIV infection with antiretroviral therapy (ART).